How many GB of RAM should an industrial computer have? Do we need ECC memory?

Reference levels by workload, assuming Windows 10/11 IoT: 8 GB: HMI, gateway, a single control application. Below this, current Windows versions feel cramped. 16 GB: mid-size SCADA, vision with a few cameras, several applications in parallel. This is the safe level for most projects. 32 GB or more: multi-stream high-resolution imaging, virtual machines, large historical databases. Fit two identical modules to run dual channel: integrated graphics and image processing are noticeably faster. ECC memory corrects bit errors, which helps machines that run for months and hold important data. But ECC only works when the CPU and chipset support it (typically Xeon or certain W-series chipsets); fitting ECC modules in an unsupported machine gives no benefit. In high-vibration environments, prefer machines with soldered RAM or socketed modules with a secure retention clip.